In their new book The Art and Science of Language Teaching , Lara Bryfonski and Alison Mackey, in their chapter on assessment, remind us that there is a distinction to be made between assessing performance and proficiency . For example, in an oral test, if a student talks about their family, does this tell you they can reproduce some rehearsed language (performance) or that they have an underlying ability to generate original utterances in a creative way (proficiency)? Teachers of novices and pre-intermediate school students know that the majority of their learners often have little ability to extemporise when speaking. This is because they have not had enough time, input and interaction to internalise (‘acquire’) enough of the language system (grammar) to speak spontanously. The same is basically true of written production, although in this case students do at least have time to reflect on what they want to write. So with less experienced students we often end up assessing performan
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