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The Oradour-sur-Glane massacre

Today (10th June) is the anniversary of the massacre by German forces of inhabitants of the village of Oradour-sur-Glane. Here is a text and questions about the event.

Le massacre d’Oradour-sur-Glane


En fĂ©vrier 1944, la 2e division Panzer SS "Das Reich" est stationnĂ©e dans la ville de Valence-d'Agen au nord de Toulouse, en attendant d'ĂŞtre ravitaillĂ©e en matĂ©riel neuf et en troupes fraĂ®ches. Après l'invasion de la Normandie en juin 1944, la division, commandĂ©e par Adolf Diekmann, reçoit l'ordre d'arrĂŞter l'avance des AlliĂ©s vers le nord. L'une de ses unitĂ©s Ă©tait le 4e RĂ©giment de Grenadiers Panzer SS ("Der FĂĽhrer"). 


TĂ´t le matin du 10 juin 1944 Diekmann apprend qu'un officier de Waffen-SS Ă©tait retenu prisonnier par la RĂ©sistance Ă  Oradour-sur-Vayres, un village voisin. L'officier capturĂ© serait le SS-SturmbannfĂĽhrer Helmut Kämpfe, commandant du 2e Bataillon de reconnaissance des Panzer SS (Ă©galement de la division "Das Reich"). Il a peut-ĂŞtre Ă©tĂ© capturĂ© par le Maquis du Limousin la veille.


Le 10 juin, le bataillon de Diekmann boucle Oradour-sur-Glane et ordonne Ă  tous les habitants de se rassembler sur la place du village pour faire examiner leurs papiers d'identitĂ©. Cela comprenait six non-rĂ©sidents qui faisaient de la bicyclette dans la ville Ă  l'arrivĂ©e de l'unitĂ© SS. Les femmes et les enfants sontenfermĂ©es dans l'Ă©glise et le village est pillĂ©. Les hommes sont conduits dans six granges et hangars, oĂą des mitrailleuses sont dĂ©jĂ  en place.


Selon le rĂ©cit d'un survivant, les hommes SS ont alors commencĂ© Ă  tirer, visant leurs jambes. Lorsque les victimes Ă©taient incapables de se dĂ©placer, les SS les ont recouverts de carburant et ont incendiĂ© les granges. Seuls six hommes ont rĂ©ussi Ă  s'Ă©chapper. L'un d'eux a Ă©tĂ© vu plus tard en train de marcher sur une route et a Ă©tĂ© abattu. 


Les SS se sont ensuite dirigĂ©s vers l'Ă©glise et ont placĂ© un dispositif incendiaire. Lorsqu'il s'est enflammĂ©, des femmes et des enfants ont tentĂ© de s'Ă©chapper par les portes et les fenĂŞtres, mais ils ont Ă©tĂ© confrontĂ©s Ă  des tirs de mitrailleuses. 247 femmes et 205 enfants sont morts dans l'attaque. La seule survivante Ă©tait Marguerite Rouffanche, 47 ans. Elle s'est Ă©chappĂ©e par une fenĂŞtre arrière de la sacristie, suivie d'une jeune femme et d'un enfant. On a tirĂ© sur tous les trois, mais seule Mme Rouffanche a survĂ©cu. Elle s’est enfuie et est restĂ©e cachĂ©e toute la nuit jusqu'Ă  ce qu'elle soit retrouvĂ©e et secourue le lendemain matin. Une vingtaine de villageois avaient fui Oradour-sur-Glane en voyant l’arrivĂ©e de l'unitĂ© SS. Cette nuit-lĂ , le village a Ă©tĂ© partiellement rasĂ©.


Quelques jours plus tard, les survivants ont Ă©tĂ© autorisĂ©s Ă  enterrer les 642 habitants d'Oradour-sur-Glane qui avaient Ă©tĂ© tuĂ©s en quelques heures seulement. Adolf Diekmann a dit que l'atrocitĂ© Ă©tait en reprĂ©sailles de l'activitĂ© partisane Ă  Tulle et de l'enlèvement du commandant SS, Helmut Kämpfe.


Raymond J. Murphy, un navigateur amĂ©ricain B-17 de 20 ans, abattu au-dessus d'Avord, en France, fin avril 1944, a Ă©tĂ© tĂ©moin des consĂ©quences du massacre.Après avoir Ă©tĂ© cachĂ© par la RĂ©sistance française, Murphy a Ă©tĂ© envoyĂ© en Angleterre le 6 aoĂ»t, et lors du dĂ©briefing, a rempli un questionnaire qui a fait partie d'un rapport officiel. Ce rapport contient un addendum manuscrit :

Il y a environ 3 semaines, j'ai vu une ville Ă  4 heures de vĂ©lo de la ferme de Gerbeau [du chef de la RĂ©sistance Camille Gerbeau] oĂą quelque 500 hommes, femmes et enfants avaient Ă©tĂ© tuĂ©s par les Allemands. J'ai vu un bĂ©bĂ© qui avait Ă©tĂ© crucifiĂ©. 

 

 

Answer the questions 


1.What do we learn about the 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich"?


2.What appears to be the initial motive for the massacre?


3.Summarise the third paragraph.

4.What happened to one survivor? 


5.What did the SS then do

6.Explain what happened to Marguerite Rouffanche?

7.What happened that night?


8.What happened a few days later?


9.Who was Raymond J. Murphy?

10.      Translate what he wrote. 



 


Answers

1.Stationed in Valence d’Agen. Got the order to go north to lend support against   the allied invasion. Was awaiting fresh equipment and troops. Adolf Diekmann was in charge of one of its units.

2.Waffen SS officer was being held prisoner by the Resistance in a nearby village.

3.Diekmann’s battalion surrounds Oradour, orders the villagers to assemble on the village square to check their IDs. Among these were six people passing through the village on their bikes. Women and children were locked in the church, men is barns and sheds where machine guns were already set up.

4.Shot as he was walking along a road.

5.Went to the church and prepared to set fire to it.

6.She escaped through a window with two others, but only she survived. She fled, hid for the night, was rescued the next day.

7.The village was partially burned down.

8.Permission was given to bury the 642 victims. 

9.An American pilot who had been shot down and hidden by the resistance.  He sawthe results of the massacre and filed a report.

10.About 3 weeks ago, I saw a town within 4 hours bicycle ride up the Gerbeau farm [of Resistance leader Camille Gerbeau] where some 500 men, women, and children had been murdered by the Germans. I saw one baby who had been crucified.

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